Hierarchical FeC/MnO2 composite with in-situ grown CNTs as an advanced trifunctional catalyst for water splitting and Metal−Air batteries

In high demand is developing trifunctional electrocatalysts to simultaneously drive hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution/reduction reaction (OER/ORR) for metal-air batteries and water splitting. Here we develop the carbon nanotubes (CNTs)-grafted FeC/MnO₂ nanocomposite catalyst by carbonizing FeMn metal-organic frameworks. The synergistic effect between FeC and MnO₂ dominantly contributes the ORR, OER, and HER. The transition metal-mediated growth of CNTs by an in-situ catalysis mechanism enables high electrical conductivity, abundant active sites, as well as efficient reaction pathways. The optimized chemical composite and unique hierarchical structure endow the FeC/MnO₂ with low overpotentials for multiply electrochemical reactions. Consequently, the composite catalyst successfully serves as the bifunctional electrode for water splitting with a voltage of 1.66 V at 10 mA cm^?2 as well as the cathode for all-solid-state metal-air battery with Pt/C-comparable performance. The advanced transition metal composite presented in this work provides the guidance for rationally developing trifunctional electrocatalysts for efficient integrated energy conversion systems.     

Ferroelectric and electromechanical performance of diverse engineered states of Mn-doped 0.75Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.25PbTiO3 ceramics

The materials processing history has a great influence on their properties and finally determines their application effect. In this paper, the ferroelectric, polarization-switching current, and strain properties of Mn-doped 0.75Pb(Mg_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃-0.25PbTiO₃ ceramics were studied in fresh state, aged state, and poled state, respectively. Compared with the symmetric polarization-electric-field (P-E) hysteresis loops, current-density-electric-field (J-E) curves, and bipolar electric-field-induced strain (S-E) curves in fresh state samples, asymmetric P-E loops, J-E curves, and bipolar S-E curves were obtained in poled state samples. Well-aged-state samples exhibit double hysteresis P-E loop, four peaks J-E curves, and symmetric S-E curves without negative strain. The symmetry-conforming short-range order (SC-SRO) principle of point defects and internal electric field E_i is employed to clarify the different phenomenon of three states. Results indicated that randomly oriented defect polarization P_D in aged samples can reverse the spontaneous polarization P_S back and result in the double hysteresis P-E loop and four peaks J-E curves. The oriented P_D and resulting E_i in poled-state samples will lead to the asymmetric loops and strain memory effect.     

盾构机密封系统水压加载检测装置的研制

密封系统的密封性、可靠性等技术指标是决定盾构机水下隧道掘进能力的根本条件.规划中的琼州海峡、台湾海峡、白令海峡等水下隧道要求的密封压力值超过1.7MPa、掘进距离超过10km,远超现有的技术标准.因此需要根据隧道工程技术要求研制出具备一定冗余扩展能力的水压加载检测装置.该加载装置能够仿制盾构机在水下施工所处的工作环境,通过水压加载、气垫控制、着色检验等方式检测换刀装置、主驱动、盾尾等主要核心部件的密封性、可靠性等技术指标.此设备提供的实验结果能够为重大隧道工程规划和设备研制提供基础数据支持和实验论证.     

结合句法依存信息的方面级情感分类

引入句法依存信息到原方面术语,提出一种新的方面术语表示方法,利用Glove词向量表示单词以及单词与单词之间的依存关系,构造出包含句法依存信息的依存关系邻接矩阵和依存关系表示矩阵,利用图卷积神经网络和多头注意力机制将句法依存信息融入到方面术语中,使得方面术语表达与上下文结构高度相关。将改进后的方面词术语表示替换到现有模型后,模型泛化能力得到有效提升。对比试验和分析结果表明:该方法具有有效性和泛化性。     

锯齿错列肋片尾气换热器的热电性能优化

由于尾气传热性能差,尾气余热热电转换系统中常采用具有强化换热结构的尾气换热器,其中,锯齿错列肋片式是常见型式之一.但如何平衡传热性能和流动阻力实现对换热器内部结构和整体尺寸的优化,使得热电系统获得总的净输出功率最大,是值得研究的内容.但现有成果均是基于限定尺寸结构,对换热器局部尺度及热电性能进行分析,没有针对强化换热器的整体优化结构和最大净输出功率展开研究.建立基于汽车尾气余热回收的热电转换数值模型,结合场协同理论,分析锯齿错列肋片式尾气换热器内部肋片结构对热电功率的影响.此外,综合考虑传热性能与流动阻力的平衡,以热电转换最大净输出功率为优化目标,对热电模块结构进行优化,并获得热电系统的相应最优性能.研究结果表明,固定热电模块尺寸时,净输出功随肋片高度增加明显增加,但受肋宽影响较小;对热电模块尺寸进行优化时,肋高和肋宽的变化均对热电模块的最优尺寸产生较大影响,单位面积最大净输出功随肋宽增加而明显降低,但受肋高的影响较小.     

负极添加NMP对电池性能的影响

锂离子电池负极浆料中添加N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP),在极片加热干燥时不能完全除去.残留的NMP吸附在石墨表面,使得SEI膜与石墨结合不牢固.研究了其对电池性能的影响,结果显示,在电池的循环过程中,SEI膜逐渐脱落,导致电池循环寿命缩短,但对电池的容量、内阻、倍率、存储等初期性能不影响.     

时间效应在悬滴法测定表面张力中的影响

表面张力是流体重要的物理性质,测定表面张力的方法通常包括毛细管上升法、最大气泡压力法、拉环法、旋滴法和悬滴法等。目前,最普遍的表面张力的测定方法为国家标准推荐的平板法或拉环法。然而,悬滴法作为一项成熟的表面张力测定方法且具备静态表面张力及动态表面张力测定功能,目前使用该法测定的较少。文章使用悬滴法测定较低含量的表面活性剂溶液静态表面张力时发现结果与拉环法差异较大,而测定单组分液体及含量较大的表面活性剂溶液,悬滴法与拉环法的测定数据差异较小,这种情况的相关报道较少。另外,使用动态表面张力测定探索了静态测定时出现差异的原因,并对应用悬滴法进行表面张力测定的适用范围进行了总结。使用悬滴法测定表面张力时,应注意时间效应的影响。     

硼亲和材料的制备方法新进展

近年来，硼亲和技术由于选择性好、质谱兼容性高、操作简便等优点，成为分析化学、生物医学等领域的研究热点，广泛应用于儿茶酚、核苷、糖蛋白、糖肽等顺式二羟基生物分子的分离富集和检测。本文对近年来新型硼亲和材料的制备方法进行了评述，主要包括点击化学法、原子转移自由基聚合法、超支化聚合物修饰法、分子印迹法和整体合成法，以期为新型硼亲和材料的发展提供参考。